In Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(aryleneethynylene)‐Grafted Reduced Graphene Oxide

Using highly soluble bromo‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGBr) as a key graphene template for surface‐directing Sonogashira–Hagihara polymerization, a novel soluble poly(arylene‐ethynylene)‐grafted reduced graphene oxide, hereafter abbreviated as PAE‐g‐RGO, was prepared in situ. The entirely different electron distribution of LUMO and HOMO of PAE‐g‐RGO suggested the existence of a charge‐transfer (CT) state (PAE^.?–RGO^.+). The negative ΔG_CS value (?2.57 eV) indicates that the occurrence of the charge separation via ¹RGO* in o‐DCB is exothermic and favorable. Upon irradiation with 365 nm light, the light‐induced electron paramagnetic resonance (LEPR) spectrum of PAE‐g‐RGO showed a decrease in the spin‐state density owing to photoinduced intramolecular electron transfer events in this system. A sandwich‐type Al/PAE‐g‐RGO/ITO device showed representative bistable electrical switching behavior. The nonvolatile memory performance was attributed to the CT‐induced conductance changes, which was supported by molecular computation results and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) images.     

New Opportunities for the Utilization of the Sulfoximine Group in Medicinal Chemistry from the Drug Designer's Perspective**

Extension of the medicinal chemistry toolbox is in the vital interest of drug designers. However, the diffusion of an innovation can be a lengthy process. Along these lines, it took almost 70 years before the use of the sulfoximine group reached a critical mass in medicinal chemistry. Even though interest in this versatile functional group has increased exponentially in recent years, there is ample room for further innovative applications. This Review highlights emerging trends and opportunities for drug designers for the utilization of the sulfoximine group in medicinal chemistry, such as in the construction of complex molecules, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and novel warheads for covalent inhibition.     

富里叶级数的收敛速度

对正弦和余弦富立叶级数,通过合并相邻同号项,使其重排成交错级数.讨论了重排形成的交错级数的敛散性.指出根据自变量x的不同取值,该交错级数可能是单调递减或周期递减的级数.按照莱布尼茨判定法提出了不同精度要求的级数项数的计算公式.选取一到三阶收敛的富立叶级数计算了不同比值精度及差值精度要求的级数项数.计算表明,在x的取值为2π的等分点时,富立叶级数的部分和随项数的增加单调地逼近其收敛值.在x的取值为其它点时,富立叶级数的部分和随项数的增加围绕收敛值上下变动,周期地逼近其收敛值.低收敛阶富立叶级数的收敛速度较慢.要达到0.01%的精度,一收敛阶富立叶级数需要数万项,二收敛阶富立叶级数也需要数百项.在不同计算点处,要达到相同的计算精度,需要的级数项数差别较大.     

以系列三维立体投影实验为例谈大学物理实验中的创新型人才培养

创新能力是本世纪的核心竞争力,其关键是创新型人才的培养,这为理工类高校的实验教学提出了新的挑战.目前高校中的以学生为主体,教师为主导的大学生创新实验项目的实施是解决此挑战的有效途径之一.以笔者承担的系列三维立体投影物理实验的大学生创新实验项目为例,探讨了大学物理实验中的创新型人才培养模式.通过循序渐进的实验过程,引导学生自主搭建实验装置和编写控制程序,有效培养了学生的创新和实践能力,为高校实验教学改革提供了参考.     

水火箭的制作与发射——初中物理教学课外活动拓展

物理课外实验能让学生真正动手操作、体验,从而提高学生的物理核心素养.水火箭的制作与发射,蕴含知识面广,发射效果震撼,能让学生对物理与科技的联系有直观深刻的认识.     

绝缘环打火研究

绝缘问题是高电压、高场强器件和设备中不可回避的问题,是决定器件、设备运行参数和稳定性的重要因素。针对一台直线感应加速器调试中出现的加速腔绝缘环在带束负载情况下的真空沿面闪络现象,进行了分析和研究。分析表明,在排除设计、材料、加工、洁净和真空度等常规异常因素后,导致绝缘环真空沿面闪络的可能因素是电子在绝缘环表面的吸附和累积,绝缘环上累积的电子来源和加速器中加速、传输的电子束的丢失有关。从加速腔工作状态出发,分析绝缘环表面积累电荷和丢失电子束的相关途径,进而提出相应的技术措施,以提高加速腔运行稳定性。     

多路Marx并联高压脉冲电源研究

脉冲功率技术在工业和生物医学领域有着广泛的应用,很多应用场合要求输出数百安培的高压脉冲。固态Marx发生器虽已研究多年,但是被广泛采用直插封装的IGBT和MOSFET功率半导体开关管的额定电流通常都低于100 A,无法满足低阻抗负载的应用需求。为提高输出脉冲电流幅值,提出两种多路Marx发生器并联的脉冲电源的拓扑结构,第一种方案采用多路Marx发生器直接并联,第二种是共用一组充电开关管的多路Marx发生器并联。由FPGA提供充放电控制信号,采用串芯磁环隔离驱动方案实现带负压偏置的同步驱动,主电路选用开通速度快、通流能力强的IGBT为主开关的半桥式固态方波Marx电路。实验结果表明,6路16级Marx直接并联的脉冲发生器能输出重频100 Hz高压方波脉冲幅值可达10 kV,在30Ω负载侧输出峰值电流可达300 A,上升时间230 ns。共用充电开关管的6路4级Marx并联发生器在5Ω电阻负载上的输出电流峰值可达300 A,最大输出电流可达460 A,上升时间272 ns。表明多路Marx发生器并联可以有效地减小系统内阻,提高系统带载能力;改进后的并联方案实现大电流脉冲输出的同时,所采用的开关管数量减小近一半,提高了系统的抗干扰能力的同时,降低了脉冲电源的成本;且增加级间并联导线可进一步改善均流效果。     

Asymptotic convergence of solutions for Laplace reaction–diffusion equations

We study the initial–boundary value problem for a Laplace reaction–diffusion equation. After constructing local solutions by using the theory of abstract degenerate evolution equations of parabolic type, we show asymptotic convergence of bounded global solutions if they exist under the assumption that the reaction function is analytic in neighborhoods of their $\omega$-limit sets. Reduction of degenerate evolution equation to multivalued evolution equation enables us to use the theory of the infinite-dimensional Łojasiewicz–Simon gradient inequality.